A recent study published by the Arusha Institute of Technology and the Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology in Tanzania indicates that solar photovoltaic systems operating in sub-Saharan Africa are facing significant power generation efficiency losses, with high temperatures and dust identified as two major contributing factors.
The study shows that the optimal operating temperature for solar panels is around 25 degrees Celsius, but under the intense local sunlight, panel surface temperatures often exceed 40 degrees Celsius, and in extreme cases, even reach over 70 degrees Celsius. Increased temperatures lead to a drop in module voltage, thereby reducing power generation efficiency, potentially decreasing overall output by 15% to 20%.
Meanwhile, the large amounts of dust brought by arid and semi-arid climates also severely impact power generation performance. Dust and particulate matter in the air form a layer on the panel surface, blocking sunlight. Without regular cleaning, power generation losses can increase from 20% to over 60%, particularly noticeable in industrial areas or areas with intensive construction. In some areas, the dust contains fine salts and organic particles, which are more likely to adhere and remain for extended periods, further exacerbating efficiency degradation.
