A press release issued on November 9 by the Copernicus Climate Change Service, the EU's climate monitoring agency, indicates that based on temperature data from the first 11 months of this year, 2025 is almost certain to be tied with 2023 as the second warmest year on record, second only to 2024.
According to Xinhua News Agency, the press release stated that the global average temperature from January to November 2025 will be 0.6 degrees Celsius higher than the baseline value from 1991 to 2020, and about 1.48 degrees Celsius higher than pre-industrial levels (1850 to 1900). These figures are the same as the levels for the entire year of 2023.
Data shows that the global average surface temperature in November this year was 14.02 degrees Celsius, 0.65 degrees Celsius higher than the average for the same period from 1991 to 2020, and 1.54 degrees Celsius higher than pre-industrial levels, making it the third warmest on record, only slightly lower than the same period in 2023 and 2024.
Data also shows that the global average temperature between 2023 and 2025 is likely to exceed the threshold of "1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels" for the first time.
In the oceans, the average sea surface temperature between 60 degrees north and south latitude in November was 20.42 degrees Celsius, the fourth highest on record for that month. Most of the North Pacific remained significantly warmer than normal, with sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific near or below normal, reflecting a shift from a neutral El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) state to a weak La Niña condition.
Sea ice monitoring shows that the average Arctic sea ice area in November was 12% smaller than normal, the second smallest on record for that period; Antarctic sea ice area was 7% smaller than normal, the fourth smallest on record.
Samantha Burgess, head of climate strategy at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), stated that these figures are not abstract concepts but a concrete manifestation of accelerating global warming, and that "the only way to curb further temperature increases is to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions."
