Ancillary Equipment for Biomass Gasification

Biomass Gasified Gas (BGG), also known as Biomass Gasified Gas or Biomass Gas, refers to the combustible gas produced by collecting, crushing, pressing and shaping biomass resources such as agricultural and forestry waste, edible mushroom residue, urban garbage, and livestock manure, and then high-temperature pyrolysis or gasification decomposition in a gasifier.

Biomass gas includes wood gas (generated by gasification of wood chips, sawdust, shrubs, cotton stalks, etc.), fruit shell gas (generated by gasification of palm shells, peanut shells, etc.), straw gas, rice husk gas, garbage gas, and so on. It is mainly composed of hydrogen (H₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and other components such as nitrogen (N₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), water, tar, and particulate matter. Biomass gasification technology can convert agricultural and forestry waste and other biomass resources into efficient and clean energy, which has important environmental protection and economic value.

Biomass gasification technology is a technology that converts solid biomass into clean and convenient combustible gas (i.e. biomass gas), and its process and related equipment are of great significance for achieving efficient utilization of biomass energy. The following is a detailed introduction to the biomass gasification technology process and related equipment:

Drying process:

After entering the gasifier, biomass raw materials precipitate surface moisture under the action of heat. This stage is mainly carried out at 200-300 ℃, which is the preliminary treatment of raw materials after entering the gasifier.

Thermal decomposition reaction:

When the temperature rises above 300 ℃, biomass begins to undergo pyrolysis reactions. At 300-400 ℃, biomass can release about 70% of volatile components, mainly including water vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, tar, and other hydrocarbons.

Oxidation reaction:

The remaining charcoal after pyrolysis reacts with the introduced gasification medium (such as air, oxygen), releasing a large amount of heat to support drying, pyrolysis, and subsequent reduction reactions. At this stage, the temperature can reach 1000-1200 ℃, which is the main source of heat during the gasification process.

Reduction reaction:

In the absence of oxygen, the combustion products and water vapor in the oxidation layer react with the charcoal in the reduction layer to produce combustible gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide. These gases, together with volatile components, form the final combustible gas.

The relevant equipment for biomass gasification technology mainly includes gasifiers and their auxiliary equipment. Gasifiers are the main equipment for biomass gasification reactions, which can be divided into fixed bed gasifiers, fluidized bed gasifiers, and rotary bed gasifiers according to their operating modes.

Fixed bed gasifier is currently the most mature biomass gasification technology. The main principle is to put biomass raw materials into a gasifier, and by controlling the amount of oxygen entering and the reaction temperature, a series of chemical reactions are generated, ultimately producing gas. Fixed bed gasifiers can be divided into types such as upward suction, downward suction, and transverse suction.

Advantages: High gasification efficiency, strong gasification stability, and low operating costs.

Disadvantages: Small scale, energy conversion efficiency needs to be improved.

The fluidized bed gasifier utilizes the melting effect of sand or quartz sand particles in the bed to decompose biomass raw materials into gas at high temperatures. Its characteristics are high utilization rate of biological materials, high gasification efficiency, and low oxygen requirement.

Advantages: High utilization rate of biological materials and high gasification efficiency.

Disadvantages: difficult to control fluidized bed temperature, high operation and maintenance costs of gas scrubbing system.

Such as rotary bed gasifiers, their working principles and advantages and disadvantages vary, but they all aim to improve the efficiency and stability of biomass gasification.

In addition, the biomass gasification system also includes auxiliary equipment such as storage silos, feeding and conveying equipment, feeding screw feeders, fans, and automatic control instruments, which work together to complete the entire process of biomass gasification.

 

As a pioneer enterprise in the comprehensive utilization of new energy, our company can undertake the design of straw gas power generation projects; We can provide the most advanced biomass gas power generation units in China, the most cost-effective biogas power generation supporting equipment, and undertake the construction and turnkey projects of the entire biogas power generation project. We can also provide comprehensive services - maintenance and operation services. Adopting the form of combined heat and power supply, utilizing the heat generated by the combustion of the generator set, a portion of the internal energy can be used to drive the generator for power generation, while the other portion can be used to generate hot water for the process of this project through a cylinder liner water plate heat exchanger. The flue gas passes through a waste heat recovery device to generate hot water for anaerobic tank insulation.

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